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The European theme style cafe and bar serves great pizzas and traditional Italian home dishes with wine carte and draught beer. On foot Despite the sheer size of the city, walking is a great way of exploring the traditional Liwan and Yuexiu districts. By boat There used to be print ferry services from other cities in the Pearl River Delta, as well as some cities in Guangxi and along the coast, for example, Xiamen, Haikou or Shanghai. Guangzhou dating service Bureau of Guangzhou. Located on the 4th floor of the Gitic Hotel. Excellent dim sum and Cantonese porridge in beautiful jesus. Founded in 1889, Lian Xiang Lou is a famed Cantonese restaurant across China. Self-service laundromats are not available on the streets, although dry clean and laundry stores are available to clean your clothes. Carlsberg is also brewed in Guangzhou, which explains the reasonably large amount of Carlsberg custodes in the bars. The wall rose to incorporate a hill on its northern side and was surrounded on the other three by a moat which, along with the canals, functioned as the city's sewer, emptied daily by the river's tides. Each of our categories include several sub categories catering to different genders and sexual orientations. guangzhou dating service
Located in on the about 120 km 75 mi north-northwest of and 145 km 90 mi north of , Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime and continues to serve as a major and transportation hub today, as well as one of China's three largest cities. Guangzhou is situated at the heart of the in , an area that extends into the neighboring cities of , , and , forming one of the largest on the planet. Administratively, the city holds status; and is one of China's five. In 2015 the city's administrative area was estimated to have a population of 13,501,100. Guangzhou is ranked as an Alpha-. In recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing number of foreign residents and immigrants from , the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and especially. The migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40 percent of the city's total population in 2008. Together with , and , Guangzhou has one of the most expensive real estate markets in China. Guangzhou has a comparatively recent history of two centuries related to its importance for foreign trade. Long the only Chinese port accessible to most foreign traders, the city fell to the British during the. No longer enjoying a monopoly after the war, it lost trade to other ports such as which is close by and , but continued to serve as a major. In modern commerce, Guangzhou is best known for its annual , the oldest and largest in China. For the three consecutive years 2013—2015, Forbes ranked Guangzhou as the best commercial city on the Chinese mainland. Guǎngzhōu is the romanisation of the Chinese name , which was in to in the 1950s. The name of the city is taken from the ancient Guang Zhou , after it had become the prefecture's seat of government, which is how some other Chinese cities, including , and got their names. Before acquiring its current name, the town was known as Panyu, a name still borne by not far from the main city. The origin of the name is still uncertain, with 11 various explanations being offered, including that it may have referred to two local mountains. The city has also sometimes been known as Guangzhou Fu or Guangfu after its status as the capital of a. From this latter name, Guangzhou was known to medieval Persians such as and as Khanfu خانفو. Under the , the city was renamed Xingwang. The city has long borne the nickname City of Rams or City of the Five Rams from the five stones at the old said to have been the sheep or goats ridden by the credited with introducing to the area around the time of the city's foundation. The more recent City of Flowers is usually taken as a simple reference to the area's fine greenery. Although it originally and chiefly applied to the walled city, it was also used in English in reference to Guangdong generally. It was adopted as the of Guangzhou and remained in common use until the gradual adoption of. As an adjective, it is still used in describing the , , and of Guangzhou and the surrounding region. The of in Guangzhou's Nanyue Panyu was established on the east bank of the in 214 BC to serve as a base for the 's of the lands in southern China. Legendary accounts claimed the soldiers at Panyu were so vigilant that they did not remove their armor for three years. Upon the , General established his own kingdom of and made Panyu its capital in 204 BC. It remained independent through the , although Zhao negotiated recognition of his independence in exchange for his nominal submission to the in 196 BC. Archaeological evidence shows that Panyu was an expansive commercial centre: in addition to items from central China, archaeologists have found remains originating from , India, and even. Zhao Tuo was succeeded by and then Zhao Yingqi. Upon 's death in 115 BC, his younger son was named as his successor in violation of Chinese. By 113 BC, his mother, the Jiu had prevailed upon him to submit Nanyue as a formal part of the Han Empire. The native Lü Jia launched a coup, killing Han ambassadors along with the king, his mother, and their supporters. A successful ambush then annihilated a Han force which had been sent to arrest him. The enraged launched : six armies under and took Panyu and annexed Nanyue by the end of 111 BC. The large of the used sheltered by these four islands, but the village and island of Huangpu for which it was named make up no part of present-day Guangzhou's. Incorporated into the , Panyu became a provincial capital. In AD 226, it became the seat of Guang , which gave it its modern name. The described Guangzhou as an important port in southern China. Direct routes connected the Middle East and China, as shown in records of a Chinese prisoner returning home from Iraq twelve years after his capture at. Relations were not always peaceful: sacked the city on 30 October 758 and by the Chinese rebel in 878, along with the city's , , and. The region enjoyed considerable cultural and economic success in this period. Guangzhou was visited by the traveler during his 14th-century journey around the world; he detailed the process by which the Chinese constructed their large ships in the port's shipyards. Shortly after the 's declaration of the , he reversed his earlier support of foreign trade and imposed the first of a series of haijin. These banned private foreign trade upon penalty of death for the merchant and exile for his family and neighbors. The maritime intendancies of Guangzhou, , and were closed in 1384 and legal trade became limited to the sent to or by official representatives of foreign governments. Following the of , travelled to Guangzhou as a passenger on a native in 1516. His report induced to sail to the city with eight ships the next year, but De Andrade's exploration was understood as spying and his brother and others began attempting to monopolize trade, enslaving Chinese women and children, engaging in piracy, and fortifying the island of. Rumors even circulated that Portuguese were eating the children. The Guangzhou administration was charged with driving them off: they bested the Portuguese at the and in ; held a hostage in a failed attempt to pressure the restoration of the , who had been accounted ; and, after placing them in and keeping them for most of a year, ultimately executed 23 by. The Portuguese undertook not to raise fortifications and to pay customs dues; three years later, after providing the Chinese with assistance suppressing their former pirate allies, the Portuguese were permitted to warehouse their goods at instead of Guangzhou itself. After of in October 1646, the 's brother fled by sea to Guangzhou. On 11 December, he declared himself the Shaowu Emperor, borrowing his imperial regalia from local theatre troupes. He led a successful offense against his cousin but was deposed and executed on 20 January 1647 when the Ming turncoat sacked the city on behalf of the Qing. The Qing became somewhat more open to foreign trade after gaining control of in 1683. The from and from returned, as did private Muslim, , and traders. From 1699 to 1714, the and sent a ship or two each year; the arrived in 1717, the in 1729, the in 1731, and the the next year. These were joined by the occasional or vessel. The first independent American ship arrived in 1784 and the first one in 1788. The main exports were and. As a meeting place of merchants from all over the world, Guangzhou became a major contributor to the rise of the modern global economy. In the 19th century, most of the city's buildings were still only one or two storeys. The major structures were the of the , the of the , and the guard tower known as the. The northern hills, since urbanized, were bare and covered with traditional graves. The brick city walls were about 6 miles 10 km in circumference, 25 feet 8 m high, and 20 feet 6 m wide. Its eight main gates and two water gates all held guards during the day and were closed at night. The wall rose to incorporate a hill on its northern side and was surrounded on the other three by a moat which, along with the canals, functioned as the city's sewer, emptied daily by the river's tides. It was common for homes to have a storefront facing the street and to treat their as a kind of warehouse. The city was part of a network of signal towers so effective that messages could be relayed to —about 1,200 miles 1,931 km away—in less than 24 hours. The Canton System was maintained until the outbreak of the in 1839. Following a series of battles in the , the British on 18 March 1841. The was fought two months later. Following the 's 1842 with , Guangzhou lost its privileged trade status as more and more were opened to more and more countries, usually including extraterritorial enclaves. Amid the decline of Qing prestige and the chaos of the , the and waged from 1855 to 1867 in which 1 million people died. The concession for the was awarded to the in 1898. It completed west to and before being engulfed in a diplomatic crisis after a consortium bought a controlling interest and the Qing cancelled its concession. All these failed revolutionary attempts would eventually lead to the which successfully overthrew the Qing Dynasty to establish a new Han Chinese republic. Anarchism Influenced by the ideas of , newspapers began to circulate whilst the teahouses formed unions throughout the 1910s. Eventually, the anarchists were able to seize control of the city for a number of years under the banner of the KMT and create a large anarchist commune which was described as 'heavenly' by outsiders. However, the KMT soon cracked down on anarchist members and they sought refuge in the city before it was retaken by government soldiers. Kuomintang rule After the assassination of and 's attempts to remove from power, the leader of Guangdong joined the 1913 against him but was forced to flee to with after its failure. The city came under national spotlight again in 1917, when Prime Minister 's abrogation of the constitution triggered the. The Guangzhou government fell apart as the warlords withdrew their support. Sun fled to in November 1918 until the Guangdong warlord restored him in October 1920 during the. On 16 June 1922, Sun was ousted in a coup and fled on the warship after Chen sided with the 's. In the following months Sun mounted a counterattack into Guangdong by rallying supporters from Yunnan and Guangxi, and in January established a government in the city for the third time. Flag of the ruling From 1923 to 1926 Sun and the Kuomintang used the city as a base to prosecute a renewed revolution in China by conquering the warlords in the north. Although Sun was previously dependent on opportunistic warlords who hosted him in the city, with the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT developed its own military power to serve its ambition. The Canton years saw the evolution of the KMT into a revolutionary movement with a strong military focus and ideological commitment, setting the tone of the KMT rule of China beyond 1927. In 1924 the KMT made the momentous decision to ally with the Communist Party and the USSR. With Soviet help, KMT reorganized itself along the Leninist line and adopted a pro-labor and pro-peasant stance. The was confirmed in the and the communists were instructed to join the KMT. The allied government set up the in the city, of which Mao Zedong was a director for one term. Sun and his military commander Chiang used funds and weapons to build an armed force staffed by communist commissars, training its cadres in the. In August, the fledgling army suppressed the. The next year the anti-imperialist swept the country, and the KMT government called for strikes in Canton and Hong Kong. The tensions of the massive strikes and protests led to the. After the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925 the mood was changing in the party toward the communists. In August the left-wing KMT leader was assassinated and the right-wing leader , the suspected mastermind, was exiled to the Soviet Union, leaving the pro-communist in charge. Opposing communist encroachment, the right-wing vowed to expel the communists from the KMT. By May, he had ended civilian control of the military and begun his against the of the north. Its success led to the split of the KMT between Wuhan and Nanking and the purge of the communists in the. Immediately afterwards Canton joined the purge under the auspice of ,resulting in the arrest of communists and the suspension of left wing KMT apparatuses and labor groups. Later in 1927 when , a general supportive of the seized Canton and installed Wang Jingwei's faction in the city, the communists saw an opening and launched the. Prominent communist military leaders and led the failed defense of the city. Soon, control of the city reverted to. Li was deposed in the War between Chiang and Guangxi Clique. By 1929, had established himself as the powerholder of Guangdong. In 1931 he threw his weight behind the anti-Chiang schism by hosting a separate Nationalist government in Guangzhou. Opposing Chiang's alleged dictatorship, the separatists included KMT leaders like , and others from diverse factions. The peace negotiations amidst the armed stand-off led to the being held separately by three factions in Nanjing, Shanghai and Canton. Resigning all his posts, Chiang pulled off a political compromise that reunited all factions. While the intraparty division was resolved, Chen kept his power until he was defeated by Chiang in 1936. Communist takeover Amid the closing months of the , Guangzhou briefly served as the capital of the after the liberation of by the PLA in April 1949. The entered the city on 14 October 1949. Amid a massive exodus to and , the blew up the across the Pearl River in retreat. The Cultural Revolution had a large effect on the city with much of its temples, churches and other monuments destroyed during this chaotic period. The initiated building projects including new housing on the banks of the Pearl River to adjust the city's to life on land. Since the 1980s, the city's close proximity to and and its ties to have made it one of the first beneficiaries of China's under. Beneficial tax reforms in the 1990s have also helped the city's industrialisation and development. The municipality was expanded in the year 2000, with and joining the city as and and as more rural. The former districts of and were abolished in 2005, merged into and respectively. The city acquired and. The former was carved out of , the latter from parts of , , , and an exclave within. The approved a development plan for the in January 2009; on March 19 the same year, the Guangzhou and municipal governments agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities. In 2014, merged into and both and counties were upgraded to districts. Guangzhou was then the most populous consolidated district-governed city in China until Beijing overtook it the next year. It commanded the rich alluvial plain of the , with its connection to the sea protected at the. The present city spans 7,434. The Pearl is the of China. Natural resources There are 47 different types of minerals and also 820 ore fields in Guangzhou, including 18 large and medium-sized oil deposits. The major minerals are granite, cement limestone, ceramic clay, potassium, albite, salt mine, mirabilite, nepheline, syenite, fluorite, marble, mineral water, and geothermal mineral water. Since Guangzhou is located in the water-rich area of southern China, it has a wide water area with lots of rivers and water systems, accounting for 10% of the total land area. The rivers and streams improve the landscape and keep the ecological environment of the city stable. Climate Despite being located just south of the , Guangzhou has a Cfa influenced by the. Summers are wet with high temperatures, high humidity, and a high. Winters are mild and comparatively dry. Guangzhou has a lengthy season, spanning from April through September. Monthly averages range from 13. Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time. The is approximately 68 percent, whereas in the metropolitan area is over 1,700 mm 67 in. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 17 percent in March and April to 52 percent in November, the city receives 1,628 hours of bright sunshine annually, considerably less than nearby and. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 0 °C 32 °F to 39. The last recorded snowfall in the city was on 24 January 2016, 87 years after the second last recorded snowfall. Climate data for Guangzhou normals 1971—2000, extremes 1961—2000 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C °F 27. Guangzhou is considered one of the most prosperous cities in China. But due to rapid industrialisation, it is also considered one of the most polluted cities. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the fair is a major event for the city. It is the with the longest history, highest level, largest scale in China. From the 104th session onwards, the fair moved to the new in , from the older complex in Liuhua. The GICEC is served by two stations on. Since the 104th session, the Canton Fair has been arranged in three phases instead of two phases. Guangzhou is one the largest hubs of China's. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. It is now known within China for its highly colorful style. It is made in Guangzhou from water piped directly to the brewery from a natural spring. Industry produced the and automobiles from 1989 to 1997. Its total planned area is 1. It is located in Nansha District and it belongs to the provincial capital, Guangzhou. The major industries encouraged in the zone include automobile assembly, biotechnology and heavy industry. It is situated 54 kilometres 34 miles 70 minutes drive south of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and close to Nansha Port. It also has the advantage of Guangzhou Metro line 4 which is being extended to Nansha Ferry Terminal. It is located in the east of and near to Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It is also very close to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport. The major industries encouraged in the zone include international trade, logistics, processing and computer software. ±% 1950 2,567,645 — 1960 3,683,104 +43. The found Guangzhou's population to be 12. As of 2014 , it was estimated at 13,080,500, with 11,264,800 urban residents. Its is thus around 1,800 people per km 2. The built-up area of the Guangzhou proper connects directly to several other cities. The built-up area of the covers around 17,573 square kilometres 6,785 sq mi and has been estimated to house 22 million people, including Guangzhou's nine urban districts, 5. Up to 10 million migrants reside in the area least six months each year. Ethnicity and language Most of Guangzhou's population is. Almost all of the local speak as their first language, while most migrants speak. In 2010, each language was the native tongue of roughly half of the city's population, although minor but substantial numbers speak as well. He Huifeng stated that factors included local authorities discouraging the use of Cantonese in schools and the rise in prestige of Mandarin-speaking Shenzhen. As with elsewhere in the , the hukou limits migrants' access to residences, educational institutions and other public benefits. In May 2014, legally employed migrants in Guangzhou were permitted to receive a hukou card allowing them to marry and in the city, rather than having to return to their official hometowns as previously. Historically, the Cantonese people have made up a sizeable part of the 19th- and 20th-century and many have ties to Guangzhou. This is particularly true in the , , and. Demographically, the only significant immigration into China has been by , but Guangzhou sees many foreign tourists, workers, and residents from the such as the. Notably, it is also home to thousands of , including people from , and the. Metropolitan area The encompassing was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have, as of 2010 , a population of 25 million. Main article: When the first line of the opened in 1997, Guangzhou was the fourth city in to have an underground railway system, behind , , and. Currently the metro network is made up of thirteen lines, covering a total length of 390. A long-term plan is to make the city's metro system expand to over 500 km 310 mi by 2020 with 15 lines in operation. In addition to the metro system there is also the line which opened on 31 December 2014. The GBRT system which was introduced in 2010 along. It has several connections to the metro and is the world's 2nd-largest system with 1,000,000 passenger trips daily. It handles 26,900 during the peak hour a capacity second only to the BRT system in Bogota. The system averages 1 bus every 10 seconds or 350 per hour in a single direction and contains the world's longest BRT stations—around 260 m 850 ft including bridges. Motor transport See also: In the 19th century, city already boasted over 600 long, straight streets; these were mostly paved but still very narrow. In June 1919, work began on demolishing the city wall to make way for wider streets and the development of tramways. The demolition took three years in total. In 2009, it was reported that all 9,424 buses and 17,695 taxis in Guangzhou would be operating on -fuel by 2010 to promote clean energy for transport and improve the environment ahead of the which were held in the city. Motorcycles found violating the ban are confiscated. The Guangzhou traffic bureau claimed to have reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban. Airports Guangzhou's main airport is the in ; it opened on August 5, 2004. This airport is the second busiest airport in terms of traffic movements in China. It replaced the , which was very close to the city centre but failed to meet the city's fast-growing air traffic demand. The old Baiyun International Airport was in operation for 72 years. Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport now has three runways, with two more planned. The Terminal 2 is under construction and will open in 2018. Guangzhou is served by ; ticketed passengers can take ferries from the and in to the HKIA. There are also coach bus services connecting Guangzhou with HKIA. Railways Further information: , , , and Guangzhou is the terminus of the , , and conventional speed railways. In late 2009, the started service, with trains covering 980 km 608. The departs from the and arrives at the in , Hong Kong. The route is approximately 182 km 113 mi in length and the ride takes less than two hours. Frequent coach services are also provided with coaches departing every day from different locations mostly major hotels around the city. A number of radiating from Guangzhou started operating such as the and the. Water transport There are daily high-speed services between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Lianhua Shan Ferry Terminal in Guangzhou and the , as well as between Nansha Ferry Terminal and in Hong Kong. Religions Guangzhou had around 124 religious pavilions, halls, and temples. Today, in addition to the Buddhist Association, Guangzhou also has a Taoist Association, a Jewish community, and a history with Christianity and Islam. Among the most important is the , honoring the five credited with introducing rice cultivation at the foundation of the city. The five rams they rode were supposed to have turned into stones upon their departure and gave the city several of its nicknames. Another place of worship is the. Guangzhou, like most of southern China, is also notably observant concerning during occasions like the and. Buddhism is the most prominent religion in Guangzhou. The is traditionally said to have visited Panyu during the or 5th or 6th century. Around AD 520, of the ordered the construction of the Baozhuangyan Temple and the Xilai Monastery to store the relics of which had been brought to the city and to house the monks beginning to assemble there. The Baozhuangyan is now known as the , after a famous poem composed by after a visit during the. The Ocean Banner Temple on , once famous in the west as the only tourist spot in Guangzhou accessible to foreigners, has been reopened as the. Christianity first arrived in China via the overland , but suffered during 's 845 and were essentially extinct by the year 1000. The -era ban on foreigners limited until it following the , although the was able to perform some work through his service with the British factory. A edifice which was built by hand from 1861 to 1888 under direction, its original Latin and French were destroyed during the wars and amid the ; they have since been replaced by English ones. The Canton Christian College 1888 and Hackett Medical College for Women 1902 were both founded by missionaries and now form part of Guangzhou's. Since the opening up of China in the 1980s, there has been renewed interest in Christianity, but Guangzhou maintains pressure on underground churches which avoid registration with government officials. The Catholic archbishop was imprisoned without trial for 22 years, but his present successor is recognised by both the and China's. Islam Guangzhou has had a Muslim community since very early in the history of ; the native or nativised adherents of the faith are known as the. The modern city includes numerous. From 12—27 November 2010, Guangzhou hosted the. The same year, it hosted the from December 12 to 19. Combined, these were the largest sporting events the city ever hosted. The team also won the in and. The club competed in the and , where it lost 3—0 in the semi-final stage to the winners and winners respectively. Guangzhou has two local radio stations: the provincial and the municipal. Together they broadcast in more than a dozen channels. The primary language of both stations is. Traditionally only one channel of Radio Guangdong is dedicated to. However, in recent years there has been an increase in Mandarin programmes on most Cantonese channels. Radio stations from cities around Guangzhou mainly broadcast in Cantonese and can be received in different parts of the city, depending on the radio stations' locations and transmission power. The Beijing-based also broadcasts Mandarin programmes in the city. Radio Guangdong has a 30-minute weekly English programme, Guangdong Today, which is broadcast globally through the. Daily English news programmes are also broadcast by Radio Guangdong. Guangzhou has some of the best Chinese-language newspapers and magazines in , most of which are published by three major newspaper groups in the city, the Press Group, , and the Group. The two leading newspapers of the city are and. The former, with a circulation of 1. In addition to Guangzhou's Chinese-language publications, there are a few English magazines and newspapers. The most successful is That's Guangzhou, which started more than a decade ago and has since blossomed into , producing expatriate magazines in Beijing and Shanghai as well. It also produces In the Red. Guangzhou Library The , also known as Guangzhou University Town , is a large tertiary education complex located in the southeast suburbs of Guangzhou. It occupies the entirety of Island in , covering an area of about 18 square kilometres 7 sq mi. The complex accommodates campuses from ten higher education institutions and can eventually accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers, and 50,000 staff. The library has moved to a new building in , which fully opened on 23 June 2013. The sentences said: 'Petty sent by the great robber falsely; they come to spy out our country; let them die in as. In the streets of Canton, outside the walls, in the suburbs, through the principal streets they were put to death, at distances of one crossbow shot from one another, that all might see them, both those of Canton and those of the environs, in order to give them to understand that they thought nothing of the Portuguese, so that the people might not talk of the Portuguese. And from henceforth it was resolved not to allow any more Portuguese into the country nor other strangers. 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Retrieved 21 August 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2016. Archived from on 2013-09-21. Retrieved August 12, 2016. Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao Di 1 ban. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. Archived from on June 11, 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2016. Archived from on 2009-11-19. Archived from on 2009-11-13. Archived from on 2009-12-14. Department of Market System Development, Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. PDF from the original on 2005-11-04. Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou. Archived from on 2009-12-14. Guangzhou Statistical Yearbook 2012—2015. Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou. New York, New York. Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions. Guangdong Yangcheng Evening News Digital Media. Retrieved 14 September 2014. International Public Transport Conference 2010. Archived from on July 13, 2011. Shanghai: The Mercury Press. Official website of the Chinese Olympic Committee. Retrieved on May 8, 2018. Retrieved on May 8, 2018. Archived from on 2016-03-04. Archived from on 15 April 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2011. Archived from on October 3, 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011. University of Washington Press. Archived from on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2010. Archived from on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2010. Archived from PDF on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008. Archived from on 2013-07-06. The brand-new Guangzhou Library officially opened on June 23 after six months of trial service. Sun Yat-sen Library of Guangdong Province. Archived from on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2015. Archived from on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015. Dutra; João Camilo dos Santos, eds. I: The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B. University of Chicago Press. Winnan 2010 , , Frommer's, pp. Historical Dictionary of Guangzhou Canton and Guangdong. Shanghai: The Mercury Press. Canton, City of the Rams: A General Description and a Brief Historical Survey. Canton Under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital, 1949—1968. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for.
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